Destigmatizing the Diagnosis: Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD)
Takeaway: The symptoms of PTSD vary from person to person; however, they can be worsened through misinformation surrounding the diagnosis. PTSD is never the victim’s fault and survivors should reach out for mental healthcare if their symptoms become distressing or interfere with their daily functioning.
Life after trauma is hard and it can be made worse through misconceptions, stigmatization, and lack of knowledge. After surviving a traumatic event, it is possible that you could develop Post-traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD). But what is PTSD and what can you do if you have it?
According to the DSM-5, PTSD is a mental health diagnosis that relates to a person’s response – physically, mentally, and emotionally – to a trauma or series of traumatic events. Some common symptoms include intrusive memories, distressing dreams, flashbacks, psychological and physical responses to reminders of the trauma, memory lapses, negative beliefs about oneself and the world, and difficulties with trust and attachment in relationships.
The PTSD diagnosis was originally developed after military veterans struggled after returning home. However, anyone can be diagnosed with PTSD regardless of race, ethnicity, culture, gender, or age. The diagnosis is often misunderstood, many attribute these symptoms to a character flaw or personal weakness.
“[PTSD] symptoms result from overwhelming experiences that disrupt the brain’s ability to process stress and memory. Even strong, resilient individuals can develop PTSD when exposed to trauma,” -Stephanie Loda, LCSW, Clinical Supervisor at Feel Good Counseling Center
Individuals who experience trauma should not feel they are less than because they experience a traumatic event. Even if someone goes through the same or a similar event and does not develop PTSD, it is not because they are stronger or better than someone who gets diagnosed. It is no one’s fault if they develop PTSD after trauma.
It is a misconception that PTSD symptoms start immediately after the trauma. “Symptoms can arise days, weeks, or even years after the initial trauma,” added Stephanie. The timeline of symptoms varies from person to person – type of trauma, age at the time of the traumatic event, and support/resources available all influence a person’s reactions.
Another misconception is that symptoms are always obvious. Reactions such as flashbacks and panic attacks are easily observable and often thought to be the extent of the consequences of trauma. In truth, symptoms can vary widely. Even individuals who seem calm and capable in everyday situations may quietly struggle with symptoms like nightmares, emotional numbness, avoidance, or hypervigilance. Because these challenges are not always outwardly visible, PTSD is often described as an 'invisible' condition.
What are the consequences of these misunderstandings and stereotypes? They create a harsh and unwelcoming environment full of stigma and shame, making it more difficult for people who have experienced trauma to access the help and support they need. Being a victim or survivor of trauma can already be an isolating experience. Incorrect beliefs increase isolation and increased and/or prolonged suffering.
Therapy is a key part of recovery for those with PTSD. It provides a safe and supportive setting – free of stigma and judgement – to work through the trauma which, in turn, reduces the emotional intensity of symptoms. After starting therapy, people find their symptoms become less frequent with reduced distress.
“Many new coping skills can be learned in therapy that challenge the negative beliefs and self-blame that often accompany trauma.” - Stephanie Loda, LCSW, Clinical Supervisor
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