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Two of the most common eating
disorders will be discussed here,
Anorexia Nervosa
and
Bulimia Nervosa,
usually called Anorexia and Bulimia. Overeating, or comfort eating
is also a problem for many people.
Teenage girls often display some
of the symptoms of anorexia and bulimia and there is often a fine line
between a teenage "fad" and the diagnosis of an eating
disorder. Although even severe eating disorders often spontaneously
disappear of their own accord, or resolve themselves with therapy,
it should be remembered that they can be fatal or result in permanent
health problems. So teenage "fads" should
be tolerated as part of normal adolescent behaviour up to a point
only. When in doubt, seek medical advice!
Anorexia Nervosa,
sometimes known as the "celebrity illness", is seen mostly in young
women, with only about 5% of cases occurring in men. Onset of
anorexia is usually, but not always, under the age of 20. Anorexia
typically begins with the young girl trying to lose weight. This
gradually develops into a obsession with dieting, losing weight and
food. The anorexic person remains convinced that she is overweight,
even when all observable evidence points to the contrary.
Symptoms associated with Anorexia
Nervosa include
●weight loss of at least 15 -
25% of original body weight
●extreme fear of becoming fat,
●ritualised eating habits,
●self-induced vomiting, laxative abuse
or abuse of slimming tablets,
●intense and strict exercise regimes,
●hoarding or hiding food,
●obsession with food preparation, recipe
books and other people's eating habits and
●denial of the severity
of the illness and refusal to participate in therapy/rehabilitation.
Some observable physical symptoms
include
●lanugo (neonatal-like body and facial hair),
●amenorrhea
(menstruation stops) and hypothermia (drop in body temperature).
There are other symptoms of anorexia which can be detected by means
of medical tests like disturbances in endocrine functioning, metabolic
changes, hypotension, among others.
Anorexia Nervosa is often accompanied
by a diagnosis of depression, anxiety disorder or substance abuse
disorder.
Bulimia is
closely linked to Anorexia Nervosa, and shares many of its essential
features. Bulimia is characterised by episodic eating binges,
followed by vomiting. Unlike Anorexia Nervosa, however, the bulemic person is usually aware that
the eating pattern is abnormal and there are feelings of guilt and
self-loathing after vomiting. She typically fears that she will
not be able to stop eating voluntarily.
Causes
There are many theories about the
causes behind the development of Anorexia Nervosa and Bulimia. These
include psychodynamic and socio-cultural explanations. Psychodynamic
theories usually focus on the family and personality characteristics
of the anorexic or bulemic girl, while socio-cultural
theories explore the influence of advertising, the media and the
modelling world on the self-concept and body image.
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